Faculty of Business and Economics

Question: Expound on theFaculty of Business and Economics. Answer: This is a general propensity for each financial expert to turn to different suspicions at the hour of making various models. These presumptions of financial analysts make the contrast between a business analyst individuals originating from different callings. One of the most significant suspicions is the open door cost (Rios et al., 2013). Opportunity cost helps each individual taking choices with respect to their everyday action. Each business analyst gives underscore on the productive designation of assets. Opportunity cost helps in proficient designation of monetary assets. This is basic for expanding the profitability of the economy. Another significant supposition that is the money saving advantage examination. Individuals in the economy take any choice without thinking about the money saving advantage examination. Henceforth individuals by and large take any choice in an extremely shortsighted way. Taking any choice with no sound reasoning isn't profitable. If there should aris e an occurrence of liquor utilization individuals by and large take the choice to devour liquor or not to expend in an exceptionally oversimplified way (Rehm et al., 2009). Subsequently this choice is easygoing in nature. In the event of financial specialists, they take the choice considering the advantage of expending liquor the expense related with it. So also in other everyday exercises, dynamic in a determined way is essential. Market analysts make each model based on those suppositions which help in decreasing the cost appended with any choice. Opportunity cost is one of the most significant ideas in financial matters. In the event that any individual takes any choice to play out any movement, a few open doors just as some cost must be joined to it. Loss of chances by any individual is considered to an expense to that specific individual. Opportunity cost must be paid attention to very by each individual in the general public. If there should be an occurrence of Chris who is a financial expert, has gone into a bar. After a specific breaking point, he began contemplating the result of devouring additional liquor. Chris recognized the advantages just as various expenses related with expending another lager. A profit by the perspective of Chris in the wake of expending another lager is the joy. This would give Chris chance to appreciate the life dispose of the pressure of the week long work pressure (Henderson, 2008). Then again Chris additionally needs to forfeit a great deal of things this is characterized as the open door c ost to Chris. Chris has a few interests these are stamp assortment playing playstation. Both these leisure activities mean a ton to Chris. In the event that Chris expends additional brew, he needs to forfeit every one of these leisure activities. Since holds up weeklong to play with playstation, botching that chance will be exorbitant for him. Subsequent to distinguishing every one of these advantages expenses of taking the choice of devouring additional lager, Chris has discovered that the expenses are exceeding the advantages. Henceforth, Chris has taken the choice to leave the bar when he was feeling extremely dazed. As per Jessica standard individuals by and large don't fit into various models which are worked by financial analysts for normal people. Judicious people take any choice after financial models. Since monetary models are based on different suspicions these suppositions are useful for the economy all in all, in this way, normal people follow these models cautiously. She has given different motivations to build up the legitimacy of the announcement. These are as per the following: It isn't workable for general individual to distinguish the genuine results of any choice. If there should be an occurrence of expending liquor, the outcome changes starting with one individual then onto the next. Thus individuals become unfit to take the correct choice (Boardman, 2008). In each model of financial aspects each choice depends on scarcely any suppositions veering off from any of these presumptions lead to the breakdown of the model. Henceforth, for each individual the result isn't same. A large portion of the individuals don't quantify the open door cost related with any choice. Opportunity cost causes an individual to take sane choice. If there should arise an occurrence of liquor utilization in the event that someone takes any choice with respect to stopping liquor, estimating the open door cost is basic. Individuals more often than not are impacted by the crowd conduct. At times going under the power of different companions or family members individuals takes any choice (Nas, 2016). These choices are taken under the companion tension. Consequently, for this situation additionally individuals don't fit into models worked by business analysts for levelheaded individuals. Reasonable individuals by and large take any choice among various choices based on the money saving advantage examination. Each choice of individuals depends on various advantages costs. Sane individuals by and large think about these advantages costs. On the off chance that advantages exceed the cost, balanced individuals acknowledge the choice. Then again open door costs additionally help these individuals to take any choice. In the event that there are various options the objective individuals need to pick any of these other options, opportunity cost encourages these individuals to recognize the most noteworthy open door cost related with each other option. At long last the activity which includes least open door cost is embraced by the discerning individual (Mishan Quah, 2007). In the event of Chris who is a financial analyst, has entered a bar. In the wake of expending liquor up to a specific breaking point he has begun thinking whether cost related with devouring additional lag er will exceed various advantages or not. On the off chance that he expends additional brew, he needs to forfeit the diversion of stamp assortment playing with playstation. In the wake of contrasting the joy related and the utilization of additional lager with the cost, he discovered that the expense exceeds the advantage. Consequently he left the bar. This article isn't just bound to the hypothesis, it tends to be applied in down to earth dynamic procedure. Prior to taking any choice, each individual should recognize various potential advantages costs related with any action (Williams, 2008). This aides in taking sound choices. In spite of the fact that it is absurd to expect to foresee the real results of any choice, however thinking from the perspective of a financial expert, it is conceivable to decrease the expense related with any activity. References Rehm, J., Mathers, C., Popova, S., Thavorncharoensap, M., Teerawattananon, Y., Patra, J. (2009). Worldwide weight of ailment and injury and financial cost owing to liquor use and liquor use disorders.The Lancet,373(9682), 2223-2233. Henderson, D. R. (2008). Opportunity cost.The succinct reference book of financial aspects. Boardman, A. E., Boardman, A. E. (2008).Cost-advantage examination. Pearson. Mishan, E. J., Quah, E. (2007).Cost-advantage examination. Routledge. Williams, B. (2008). Money saving advantage analysis.Economic Labor Market Review,2(12), 67-70. Rios, M. C., McConnell, C. R., Brue, S. L. (2013).Economics: Principles, issues, and approaches. McGraw-Hill. Nas, T. F. (2016).Cost-advantage examination: Theory and application. Lexington Books.

Analyse how national & local guidelines Essay

National enactment and direction impact the improvement of neighborhood strategies and methods that influence each day work with youngsters and youngsters. Arrangements must cover the security everything being equal and youngsters younger than 18 and the substance of the strategy must be audited yearly. The LSCB (Local protecting kids board) is liable for guaranteeing that all organizations and offices that work with youngsters and youngsters in the Borough, work in solidarity to help the government assistance and security of kids around there. To guarantee that work is done in a compelling way the LSCB arrange crafted by nearby offices to give a progressively hopeful result concerning children’s defending. Red extension works in accordance with the Every Child Matters program which expresses that every kid has a privilege to: Be sound Remain safe Appreciate and accomplish Make a positive commitment Accomplish financial prosperity Inside childcare practice we should know that we have an unmistakable and characterized job according to youngster security. Experts working with youngsters/youngsters for example showing collaborators, volunteers, outside offices are DBS checked (Disclosure and excepting administration) recently known as CRB checks. Grown-ups working with youngsters ought to likewise be completely prepared in defending kids by an assigned shielding counselor and have the chance to get preparing so as to build up their comprehension of the signs and pointers of misuse or disregard, this preparation is offered at regular intervals. All together for kid insurance to work viably we should guarantee we have great bury associations with different organizations and great participation from experts that are able in reacting to youngster assurance circumstances. In the event that a youngster uncovers data that worries his/her government assistance; we should make a record of precisely what the kid has said in their words and report it to a defending official, guaranteeing that these records are kept secretly and isolated from understudies records. Direction on secrecy and sharing; the line chief/head instructor or protecting official will just reveal individual data concerning a youngster to different individuals from staff on a need to know premise, anyway all staff must know that they have a duty to impart data to different offices. In the event that a kid or youngster discloses data to an individual from staff and ask that that data remains ‘a secret’, it is crucial that the individual from staff tells the kid/youngster delicately that they have an obligation to move data to the fitting offices all together for other kids to be protected. Hazard evaluations are significant to any setting and ought to be done normally to guarantee that there is no defending dangers to the youngsters.

The 2016-2017 Common App Prompts Are Out!

The 2016-2017 Common App Prompts Are Out! The 2016-2017 Common App Prompts Are Out And Nothing Has Changed The 2016-2017 Common App Prompts Are Out And Nothing Has Changed Yes, its true. While you were sleeping, the tiny elves powering the Common Application were up all night perfecting the 2016-2017 prompts. This unprecedented early release gives juniors almost an entire year to plan for this momentous assignment. Plus, the 2016-2017 Common App prompts are exactly the same as the 2015-2016 prompts! So, juniors, make sure to pick those seniors brains before they graduate â€" and dont forget to check out our handy guide to the prompts. For reference, the 2016-2017 prompts are: 1. Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story. 2. The lessons we take from failure can be fundamental to later success. Recount an incident or time when you experienced failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the experience? 3. Reflect on a time when you challenged a belief or idea. What prompted you to act? Would you make the same decision again? 4. Describe a problem youve solved or a problem youd like to solve. It can be an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma  anything that is of personal importance, no matter the scale. Explain its significance to you and what steps you took or could be taken  to identify a solution. 5. Discuss an accomplishment or event, formal or informal, that marked your transition from childhood to adulthood within your culture, community, or family. Organize your writing plan with our 2016-2017 calendar. Get a head-start on your Common App essay with our guide. Book your slot with an expert Advisor before they all fill up! About Thea HogarthView all posts by Thea Hogarth »

A Nation Of Shame By Dorothy Allison - 1096 Words

A Nation of Shame In today’s society people are placed into certain categories depending upon their social classes. Although throughout the history of society people would expect that certain classes’ social orders world have improved, but they have actually remained the same. In Dorothy Allison’s book, Stubborn Girls and Mean Stories, she writes, â€Å"The central fact of my life is that I was born in 1949 in Greenville, South Carolina, the bastard daughter of a white woman from a desperately poor family.†(2812). Although she is shamed by being referred to as white trash according to her class’s social order â€Å"she accepts the word trash and uses it to raise the issue of who the term glorifies as well as who it disdains.† (Allison 2816). According to Susie Scifres Kuilan, â€Å"Allison’s works portray a segment of Southern society that many people, including Allison, label as poor â€Å"white trash,† and she counts herself a member of that society. Allison’s objective in writing about this lower class of poverty-stricken whites includes providing them with an identity that had previously been denied to them or misrepresented. She also wanted to present them with a voice in which to tell their stories. Her works reveal Allison’s strong belief that class plays as large a role in identity formation as gender, race, and sexual orientation.†(1). In today’s society American’s have many different views of how to treat people and who should be treated nicely or badly. â€Å"Americans love to hate theShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesPRODUCTION ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE MARKETING MANAGER ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER MARKETING ASSISTANT DESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New Caledonia by Aptara ®, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Westford. The cover was printed by Courier/Westford. This book is printed on acid-free paper

The Evolution of British Poetry Essay - 927 Words

The Evolution of British Poetry nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout the literary history of the Renaissance, a gradual but dramatic change in the poetic style of the time becomes apparent. From one contribution to another, the rebellion between the poetic styles is evident. Early Elizabethan and Jacobean poetry demonstrates the love that mankind shares and the universal truths that the people of that time held so dear. On through the neoclassical and romantic eras, the style becomes centered on personal delight and warmth. This paper intends to follow and describe this evolution of British poetry. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;To introduce a change, one must institute a type of first standard. The Elizabethan literary type did just†¦show more content†¦Neoclassic poetry suspects that the reader is more in tune with his or her brain rather than his heart. The poems were intended to reach a more educated population, with to much knowledge for the skeptic side.; (An Essay on Man, L. 5) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;With yet another change, the Romantic era brought back some of the early forms of poetry as experienced in the Elizabethan era. Romantic poets used emotion and spontaneity to draw people in. The poems gave a sense of warmth and safety to their readers. However, at the same time, they introduced wild and exciting topics. The poems demonstrate not a love for people, but rather a love for ones country and nature, we see little in nature that is ours.; (The World is too Much with Us, L. 3) Romantics delighted in the supernatural and mysteries. Using ones imagination to invoke a sense of excitement, The sea blooms and the oozy woodsamp;#8230;; (Ode to the West Wind, L. 39) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The romantic era was a result of many factors. The main factor for the romantic era was the industrial revolution. Upon the building of factories, cities became larger and more crowded. People used the romantic poetry as a means of letting their minds wander instead of their bodies. This fact truly separates this eraShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The War I1244 Words   |  5 Pages Rushabh Shah History 162B Paper 1 While recruiting men to fight in World War I, the British Army appealed to ideals of masculinity, bravery, patriotism and nationalism. This form of propaganda was intended to shape the public’s views, and shape their decisions to revolve around political, gender, and social identity. Thousands of young British men like Siegfried Sassoon went into World War I with this idealism. The bloodshed found there came as a tremendous shock, as the war was unlike the imageRead MoreThe Romantic Period Of The Victorian Era1715 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst the Romantic Period because she wanted to restore morality and dignity to her country. Queen Victoria introduced rapid industrialization, faster than the beginning of industrialization in the Romantic period. She even developed the first British Empire. The identification of the Victorian Era can be a time of conflict and transition. There is conflict in the higher poverty and the rising of social stratification (Gordon, â€Å"Victorian Lecture Notes†). Another difference in the history of theRead MoreSocial Norms Of Age Of Enlightenment1129 Words   |  5 PagesSection 1 Answer 2 In the 19th century, a period called Romanticism started in the European continent. This period consisted of art, literature, poetry, philosophy and scientific thought. It played a major role in historiography, education and natural sciences. It evolved from a partly reaction of the Industrial Revolution where the social norms of Age of Enlightenment and scientific rationalization of nature was created. This period tried to make a great effect on the political backgrounds as theRead MoreUrdu Language Urdu1727 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment Urdu language also assumed various names like the term Urdu-e-Maullah meaning the exalted army which was given by Emperor Shah Jahan and the term Rekhta meaning scattered (with Persian words) which was coined by the scholars for Urdu poetry. History and Evolution of Urdu Language Urdu arose in the  contact  situation which developed from the invasions of the  Indian subcontinent  by  Turkic dynasties from the 11th century onwards, first as  Sultan Mahmud  of the  Ghaznavid empire  conqueredPunjab  in theRead MoreEssay on Victorian Age1258 Words   |  6 PagesThis forced writers to take positions on immediate issues animating the rest of society. Hence, romantic forms of expression in poetry and prose continued to dominate English literature throughout much of the century. 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Spender was very well versed in many things, and poetry was one of them. He was the creator of many renowned poems. Some of these poems include The Pylons, and An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum. The poem The Pylons is a poem that paints a picture using words. This poem takes on a dark undertone and has a very eerie feel. The poem depicts a world of evolution and in a way, its demise. Throughout the poem, Spender is very descriptive on how an environmentRead MoreCharacteristics Of Victorian Literature1437 Words   |  6 Pagesof it in the terms of characteristics, you think of it more as a bunch of bullet points. First, Victorian literature is basically just literature written during the reign of Queen Victoria in Great Britain. She has the current longest reign of any British monarch, from 1837-1901, 63 years. Some major events that happened during the Victorian era are; a huge growth in population, the population of England went up from 14 million to about 32 million. There was also significant improvements in technologyRead MoreMeg 1,2,3,4 Ignou1582 Words   |  7 Pagesyear) British Poetry-0l British Drama0z British Novel-O3 Aspects of language-O4 1y61llEgmsu witr.fiRftF; School of Humanities Indira Gandhi National Open University MaidanGarhi, New Delhi- 1 1 0068 33 Masteros Degree in English Assignments for lt year Compulsory Courses Course Code:MEG Dear Student, This booklet contains all the assignments of the Compulsory Courses of MA (English) namely: MEG-OI MEG-02 MEG-03 MEG-04 Each course lt year British Poetry British Drama British Novel AspectsRead MoreChanges And Developments Of The Victorian Period1362 Words   |  6 Pageswas characterized for its evolution on the British Literature. This Period that starts from the years 1830 to 1900 was characterized by fast changes and developments, in this situation, from the knowledge, technology and science. The name â€Å"Victorian† comes from the royal woman, Queen Victoria. The single European conflict fought during Victoria s reign, in fact, the Crimean War of 1854 to 1856 contrasted evidently with the 18th century, following this, during the British were involved at least in

Course Schedule of Philosophy Free Essays

I will answer my cell phone only after 4 pm. If you are unable to reach me please leave a message that includes a brief description of your question or concern, and I will return your call as soon as possible (but always within 24 hours). I Welcome! I came to education as an â€Å"adult learner† having received an associate degree from MATCH when I was 30. We will write a custom essay sample on Course Schedule of Philosophy or any similar topic only for you Order Now I graduated from Marquette University 4 years later with degrees in education, writing and English. Then 4 years later I earned master degrees in education and computer technology from Cardinal Stretch University. Currently I am working on my doctorate in education. Course Description This five-week course in critical thinking and informal logic helps students develop the ability to reason clearly and critically. It includes an introduction to the disciplines of inductive and deductive logic, fallacious reasoning, and problem- solving techniques. Emphasis is placed on the identification and management of the perception process, use of assumptions, emotional influences, and language in various forms of business communication. Topics and Objectives Critical Thinking: Purpose and Process Define â€Å"thinking. † Identify the critical thinking process. Relate the stages of cognitive development to logic and critical thinking. The relationship of logic to critical thinking. The Perception Process and its Influences Outline the perceptual process. Explain Describe perceptual blocks to clear and critical thinking: personal barriers, sensing, and physiology. Assumptions: Critical Thinking and the Unknown Recognize assumptions in various situations. Compare and contrast necessary and unwarranted assumptions. Develop methods of checking assumptions and creating alternatives. Logic versus Emotion Define the role of emotion in reasoning and argument. Identify the impact of emotional influence on personal and professional effectiveness. Explain the impact of feelings on the critical thinking process. Analysis of the Use of Language in Thinking and Argument Explain the role of language in the critical thinking process. Identify the power and limitations of language in expressing thoughts. Explore the impact of language diversity. Elements and Composition of Argument Explore the role of critical thinking in persuasion. Distinguish arguments from nourishment. Identify the parts of an argument and their relationship to each other. Describe the role of analogy in argument. Identify the methods used in organizing thoughts. Differentiate between inductive and deductive modalities of reasoning. Explore the structure and use of syllogisms in reasoning. Define the concepts of truth, validity, and soundness in a deductive argument. Patterns of Fallacious Reasoning Apply sound rational reasoning to problem solving. Recognize fallacies in writ ten, oral, and visual arguments. Critical Thinking Techniques Synthesize understanding of fallacies in reasoning and argument. Develop spontaneous oral arguments. IW51101 *For on-ground students, these are oral and Powering@ presentations with notes. 1 101 Total 11001 Course Changes Please note that the instructor’s assignments may vary from the original syllabus you received from the student web page. Assignments in this document take priority. While the reading assignments and learning objectives remain the same, some of the assignments in this syllabus have been customized for this particular section. *** The instructor reserves the right to change this document wily nil as he sees fit! *** Policies and Procedures The University trusts each student to maintain high standards of honesty, academic integrity, and ethical behavior. All individual assignments MUST reflect each student’s own original effort. During the course students must achieve specified learning outcomes in order to meet the course objectives. Your assignment grades will be dependent on the accomplishment of those objectives. All assignments are evaluated on the basis of achievement, and not on effort. University of Phoenix Grading Guidelines can be found in your Program Handbook. A student who meets course objectives will earn a grade of â€Å"C†. In order to earn a grade of â€Å"A† or â€Å"B† the student assignments. Unless otherwise specified, all papers are to be typewritten, double-spaced, and proofread and corrected for grammatical, spelling, and typographical errors. Source material must be cited within the body of the paper and referenced at the end of the paper. All references must be cited within the body of the paper. The format for all typewritten work follows the standards in The Little, Brown Compact Handbook (Custom 4th De. University of Phoenix). All written assignments will be evaluated as specified in the Grading Criteria for Written Assignments found at the end of this syllabus and on my instructor’s web page. Attendance and participation Attendance at each workshop is mandatory! In this five week course only one unavoidable absence will be permitted, and you must notify one of the instructors in advance. Should an absence occur the student is responsible for any assignment(s) due in that workshop. Points for classroom participation are dependent on your presence in the classroom for the entire workshop! If you are absent for any reason participation points for that workshop will be deducted from your grade. Arriving more than 15 minutes late for class or leaving class early will also result in point deductions; each occurrence will be evaluated individually. If you must be unavoidably absent for the learning team presentation it must reflect your involvement (by audio or video tape) in order for you to share in the grade for that assignment. Learning teams play an important part in achieving the educational outcomes in the degree programs at University of Phoenix. Teams will be formed in the first workshop of the course, and students are expected to commit to five hours of learning team activities each week in addition to attendance at the workshops. Through the process of completing team charters and meeting logs, and participating in classroom discussions, students will have the opportunity to reflect on the learning that has takes place as part of the team’s work together. The learning team presentation in Workshop Five will be evaluated on the basis of content (10 points) and presentation style (10 points). If you have questions regarding what is determined by style it is up to you to request this information from your instructor. All learning team members will receive the same grade for the reservation, regardless of individual style differences. Late assignments It is assumed that students will perform professionally in preparing work required for this class. All assignments must be submitted on their due date. Assignments will be accepted up to one week late but that will result in an automatic grade reduction of 10% of the total possible points for that assignment. I will not accept assignments ahead of time). Incomplete Incomplete will only be considered on an individual basis. Academic Honesty Academic honesty is highly valued at the University of Phoenix. You must always vomit work that represents your original words or ideas. If any words or ideas used in a class posting or assignment submission do not represent your original words or ideas, you must cite all relevant sources and make clear the extent to which such sources were used. Words or ideas that require citation include, but are not limited to, all hard copy or electronic publications, whether copyrighted or not, and all verbal or visual communication when the content of such communication clearly originates from an identifiable source. Please see the I-JOB Catalog for more information about academic honesty, including consequences of academic dishonesty. Privacy and Confidentiality in the Online Classroom One of the highlights of the I-JOB academic experience is that students can draw on the wealth of examples from their organizations in class discussions and in their written work. However, it is imperative that students not share information that is confidential, privileged, or proprietary in nature. How to cite Course Schedule of Philosophy, Papers

Elektra Products Inc. case analysis free essay sample

As to the Company: Elektra Products, Inc. is an 80 year old company, publicly held and had once been a leading manufacturer and retailer of electrical products and supplies. Challenges that have to be addressed: In recent years, the company experienced a host of problems as follows: declining market share due to increased foreign and domestic competition; new product ideas were few and far between; departments such as manufacturing and sales barely spoke to one another; morale was at an all-time low and many employees were actively seeking other jobs. Thus, everyone needed a dose of hope. Players: a) Martin Griffin newly hired, dynamic CEO b) Barbara Russell Vice President for Manufacturing c) Simon Manufacturing Engineer, whos with the company for more than 20 years and Russells friend. d) Department Heads and other employees Scenario Introduction of the empowerment campaign Griffin, the newly hired and dynamic CEO, opened the monthly companywide meeting with a challenge: As we face increasing competition, we need new ideas, new energy, new spirit to make this company great. And the source of this change is you each one of you. Under the empowerment campaign, employees will be getting more information about how the company was run and would be able to work with their fellow employees in new and creative ways, proclaiming a new era of trust and cooperation. Perception Many of the other employees, including Simon were less than eager. Simon later said: Just another pile of corporate crap. One minute they try downsizing, the next reengineering. Then they dabble in restructuring and now Martin push for empowerment. Garbage like empowerment isnt a substitute for hard work and a little faith in the people who have been with this company for years. We made it great once and we can do it again. Just get out of our way. One step forward Russel and her team presented to the department heads and Griffin, the following innovative but easily achievable ideas implementing the empowerment campaign: permit a manager to follow a product from design through sales to customers; allow salespeople to refund up to $500 worth of merchandise on the spot; make information available to salespeople about future products; and swap sales and manufacturing personnel for short periods to let them get to know anothers jobs. Resistance to change When Griffin excused himself from the meeting because of a late-breaking deal with a major hardware store chain, the proposals made by the team were quickly met with resistance from the department heads: the director of human resource complained that personnel changes would destroy the carefully drafted job categories that had just been completed; finance argued that refunds would created a goldmine for unethical customers and salespeople; the legal department warned that providing information on future products would invite industrial spying. Over the latest turn of events, Russel considered the following options: keep her mouth shut; take a chance and confront Griffin about her sincerity in making empowerment work; push slowly for reform and work for gradual support from other teams; or look for another job II. CRITICAL ANALYSIS The company had been in existence for 80 years. Ordinarily, a company that survived that long would have mastered the intricacies and the complexities of doing business, not just any business, but the business of manufacturing and retailing electrical products and supplies. Further, being publicly held, it should have undergone the scrutiny of the investing public, which would make the company somewhat fluidly responsive to the investors needs and requirements But the company failed. Instead of expanding its market share, it shrunk. The company appeared to be lulled by its past glory, that of being the leading manufacturer and retailer of electrical products. Competition is fierce with the entry of domestic and foreign players but Management remained complacent. Management failed or refused to see the tell tale signs of a downward spin. Management may have felt the crunch of being eaten up by competition and in its desire to recoup its former leading position, introduced measures like downsizing, reengineering, restructuring and now, empowerment. These efforts however did not sit well with the employees as they viewed these efforts as one of those management crap or garbage. As in any organization, any act, project or plan that does not have the full support of the employees is likely or is doomed to fail, as in this case. What could have happened is that management simply rammed up the foregoing measures without being transparent with the employees. Distrust pervades. Lack of communication is apparent. With the problems abounding, it is not surprising to see employees morale going down and employees creativity being zapped. If ever new ideas come out, it could have been forced or dictated, not some idea where the author can be proud to own. The situation is not anymore conducive to a free exchange of ideas. The fact that manufacturing and sales are not talking showed an unhealthy clash between the departments. This is highly critical as both departments are essentially dependent on each other. Sales department sells the products produced by the manufacturing dept. and it needs to spell out the specifications of the customers as well as the problems encountered from the use of the products, to manufacturing. On the other hand, manufacturing had to inform sales on the limitations of the machines, the downtimes, the maintenance scheduling and such matters as would affect the production of the desired product. Coordination and communication is not an option. It is imperative to the companys success. III. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS: How might top management have done a better job changing Elektra Products into a new kind of organization? Top management must be a firm advocate to becoming a learning organization. There must be a complete overhaul on how the companys resources are being managed. Everyone should be enlisted for involvement, from top to bottom. As espoused by Peter Senge, a learning organization is one that facilitates the learning of its members and continuously transforms itself. The concept encourages organizations to shift to a more interconnected way of thinking as employees will work harder for an organization they are committed. A learning organization exhibits 5 main characteristics: systems thinking, personal mastery, mental models, a shared vision and team learning. A thorough understanding, appreciation and application of these concepts will be a welcome start for Elektra, in its quest to turn around its sagging performance and ultimately to survive in the long term. What might they do now to get the empowerment process back on track? Employee empowerment is a top management initiative. This was initially shunned by the employees because of managements failure to sell the idea in such a manner that is acceptable or palatable to the employees. The introduction of the empowerment campaign is ill-timed as the employees are still seething on some managements actions like downsizing, reengineering and restructuring which are just garbage to the employees psyche. Top management should realized that for empowerment to be successful, it has first to be wholeheartedly accepted. For it to be accepted, the employees must understand the benefits it will bring to the employees and to the organization as a whole. The biases that are deeply ingrained in the minds of the employees brought about by managements failures has to be addressed and erased for management and employees to have a fresh start. When this is done, any idea, no matter how small or great, will be received by all with open minds and objective thought, because everyone moves in unison to achieve a common goal, to which each and every one commits and adopts as his/her own. Can you think of ways Barbara could have avoided the problems her team faced in the meeting with the department heads? Barbara could have avoided the problems her team faced, had she consulted the department heads with their inputs. From a functional view of management, the department heads are the recognized authorities in their respective fields, the HR Director, in human resource, the Finance DIrector, in finance and the Legal Director, in all matters relating to legal issues. By not consulting them, Barbara sent a disquieting message I know better than you do. If you were Barbara, what would you do now? Why? I will take stock of myself and inventory the most appropriate options, bearing in mind, the long term interest of both the employees and the entire organization. My proposals are indeed innovative and achievable but are not perfect. I should have an open mind to modify, adjust or score out any proposal which will not serve the best interest of the company. I will have to lower my guard down, initiate meetings with the department heads and other teams, listen to the views of everyone, argue with them and against them and make them understand, with open heart and sincerity, that this time, top management with the full support of everyone will not allow failures to run in its vein again.